the doctrines of a monotheistic religion founded in northern India in the 16th century by Guru Nanak and combining elements of Hinduism and Islam. The Romanov dynasty ruled the Russian Empire, which was distinguished by a strong government and a rigid hierarchy. Describe European maritime empires: Portuguese. Answer:The fact that the Ottoman Empire became more prominent from 1450 to 1750 had a great impact on global trade networks and in the way trade was conducted in the area. The, Newtons Laws of Gravitation, Astronomical Charts, Better mapmaking, Astrolabe, Lateen sail, Compass, New ships (caravel, carrack, fluyt), Established Spanish links to Americas and Asia, Harvested cash crops, worked plantations, maintained homes. The term land-based empire--as it explicitly applies to AP World History--refers to empires which existed during the period 1450-1750. Elite Safavid soldiers made up of enslaved people from Armenian and Circassian populations, much like Devshirme. The Dutch were a highly commercialized society that's main trade was in spices. The Tokugawa shogunate, a feudal government led by the Tokugawa family, ruled during this period of political stability and economic growth. After Zheng Hes explorations, the Ming dynasty retreated into isolationist policies. Technological improvements in shipbuilding and gunpowder weapons allowed European empires to form and exercise a more . The term land-based empire--as it explicitly applies to AP World History--refers to empires which existed during the period 1450-1750. The expansion of trade on a global scale expanded both the upper elite class and the lower labor class. It was founded by the Songhai people, a group of people who lived in what is now Niger and Mali. Used the Shia version of Islam. A caravel was a European ship that was used to explore the west coast. How did the Aztecs use Tribute as a means for consolidating power? Brutal Conquests in the 16th century. What is a land-based empire? West What factors caused the Columbian Exchange? The Russian Empire is known for its cultural achievements and its role as a major world power. Through a 8 year conquest moving east ward and stopping at Russia. This helped to further consolidate the shogunate's power and maintain stability throughout the country. The fall of the Inca Empire marked the end of the pre-Columbian civilizations in South America and the beginning of the colonial period. Describe the impact of the Columbian Exchange on the Western Hemisphere (New World). What continuities in economic and labor systems existed in the 1450 to 1750 time period? What is the mit'a system and how was it exploited by the Spanish empire? However, in the 17th century, the, In fear of minority rule, Hindu warriors called the Marathas rebelled. In what way might the narrator's family and the police have acted if they thought it was a ghost in the house? Tsar of Russia that Westernized Russia and built up a massive Russian army. After him (not directly) Aurangzeb forbade Hindus and and reversed Akbar's policies. Indentured servitude was a contract as landowners provided food and shelter for the work done instead of money. \hline \begin{array}{l} Why does it have these characteristics? Once contact with the Americas was open, the Spanish, French, English, and Dutch increasingly invested in the explorations. It came to an end in the early 20th century, following the First World War, when the empire was dissolved and its territory was divided into several new states. Trade thrived and art led to success. The demand for chattel slavery increased as demand for labor increased. \hline \begin{array}{l} Empires took people for slaves and traded their goods for wealth. Organized people into 10, 50, 100, 500, 1,000, 5,000 and 10,000 led by local officials. It was one of the largest and most long-lasting empires in world history. \text { Variation } Describe the difference between the trading-post empire established by the Portuguese in the Indian Ocean and the colonies they established in the New World. North of the Spanish territory, the French and British were fueling their rivalry as they competed for land and control of resources. The Portuguese Empire declined in the nineteenth century. These were empires, and, while each empire was run slightly differently with different systems of administration or taxation or military technology, they were absolute monarchies. decide a president, Where did early Christians meet, hide, and bury their dead to avoid detection and persecution? The French Empire came to an end in the mid-19th century, following Napoleon's defeat at the Battle of Waterloo. The Protestant Reformation was the creation of a new branch of Christainity Protestantism that included people that broke from the Roman Catholic Church. However, the Americas suffered massive depopulation because of the spread of disease. The Safavid Empire declined in the late 18th century and was eventually dissolved in the early 19th century. What changes in economic and labor systems existed in the 1450 to 1750 time period? What were the long-term outcomes? Why does it have these characteristics? New diseases, crops, people, and cultures were distributed throughout the world. Explain how the land-based empires of the 1450-1750 time period developed (what allowed them to obtain and maintain power): Historical Developments Imperial expansion relied on the increased use of gunpowder, cannons, and . They gave lower class white workers. It was founded by Catherine the Great, who established the Romanov Dynasty and expanded the territory of the empire through military conquests. Slavery was a major driver of maritime trade relations. (The Ming Dynasty was the last native dynasty in China). It was the world's largest country by land area, covering more than one-sixth of the planet's land surface, and the third most populous. Another knock against the Europeans in this period (1450-1750), is to look at when the Land Based Empires finally fell. Back in England, things were getting complicated. They brutalized the native population and believed in profit over faith. China and Japan has isolationist policies as it motivated the desire to prevent forgein influences to disrupt their core values. During the Safavid Empire, the arts, including literature, architecture, and painting, flourished. \text { Within } \\ Investors were rapidly buying shares based on speculated costs that increased as demand increased. It was enormous and beautiful. In the period 1450-1750, both European and Asian powers expanded their reach and created large empires across the world. The Inca Empire, also known as the Inka Empire or the Tawantinsuyu, was a South American empire that ruled over a large territory that included parts of modern-day Peru, Ecuador, Chile, Bolivia, Argentina, and Colombia from the 13th to the 16th century. It was significant because it was the best ship for sea trade. Gunpowder would have violent consequences in the decades to come. Describe the Qing Dynasty (use SPICE-T characteristics): The Quing Dynasty was located in Central Eurasia and used bureaucratic techniques to rule. They had a large bureaucracy and had religious freedom but women had no rights. The Aztec Empire is particularly known for its system of writing, which was based on glyphs, or symbols, that represented sounds and concepts. Protect Muslims, Centralization and bureaucracies. Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which interactions between societies and cultures affected the institutions of land-based empires in this period. As the slave trade expanded, some African Kings participated and shared profits. However, the Qing Dynasty was also marked by political and social unrest, including several major rebellions and the Taiping Rebellion, which was one of the deadliest conflicts in world history. The Atlantic Slave Trade began immediately after the Portuguese arrived in Africa, but seriously expanded after Native American populations were decimated. How did the Ottoman Empire expand their empire? 1453: Ottoman Conquest of Constantinople, Rise of the Ottoman Empire, 1471: Completion of the Sun Temple in Cuzco, rise of the Inca Empire, 1526: Guru Nanak founded the first Sikh Community, 1682: Palace of Versaille completed in France, 1707: Death of Emperor Aurangzeb, weakening of the Mughal Empire, New military weapons make wars more decisive, Increase in the size and number of Empires, Administrative systems more resources to expand, Collapse of Nomadic Empires room for landed empires to expand, Continued spread of major religions associated with empires. The conquest of the Middle East, North Africa and SE Europe. Land-based empires generated revenue to expand and maintain power by creating new tax collection systems and used tribute collection. All of the ethnic combinations created new social classes organized by race with Europeans the top. 3. A tribute of young boys that the Ottomans levied on Christian communities. A Shi'ite Muslim dynasty that ruled in Persia (Iran and parts of Iraq) from the 16th-18th centuries that had a mixed culture of the Persians, Ottomans and Arabs. The Safavid Empire was centered in modern-day Iran and included parts of Iraq, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Turkey. They had numerous canals, causeways, and bridges and central walled area with palaces and temples. This was used to generate revenue to continue the rise of state power and expansion. These should not be confused with democracies or representative governments. a. How did Sognhai rulers in West Africa use religion to legitimize their power 1450-1700? By the 1670s, the colonists and Natives had largely co-existed. The Songhai Empire was centered in the city of Gao on the Niger River in what is now Mali. The Spanish Empire was one of the most powerful empires in history, with territories in Europe, the Americas, Africa, and Asia at its peak. What were the characteristics of the Safavid Empire? Repeat part (a) with a sample size of 10. In North America, the Spanish had control of the southwest regions, central America, and Florida. What were the impacts the trans-Atlantic slave trade on West Africa? By 1450, Europeans were set on finding a faster route to Asia. Only the bible could lead you to salvation. Before 1450, Europeans did not play a prominent role on the global stage, but after 1450, Europeans were the main puppeteers of the global economy. Tolerant of Central Asian belief systems. The British Empire was the largest empire in history, with territories on every continent. Include both positive and negative outcomes. Native Americans. It was founded and ruled by a Muslim dynasty of Chaghatai Turco-Mongol origin, which claimed direct descent from both Timur, the Turco-Mongol conqueror, and Genghis Khan, via his son Chaghatai Khan. It was founded by the Aztec civilization, which developed in the central valley of Mexico and eventually came to dominate much of the region through military conquests. An internal challenge to power comes from people within the state such as citizens, enslaved people, or colonies. Rulers also continued to use religious ideas, art, and monumental architecture to legitimize their rule. Native American tribes in New England were some of the first indigenous communities to be displaced by British colonists. European monarchs were also patrons of artists for the same reason. Russian serfs had suffered oppression. The middle class included the military, scholars, and other bureaucratic groups. European empires arose in 1450-1750 by conquering trade ports and lands from around the world. Women were treated fairly, there was religious tolerance, and education was highly valued. What changes in networks of exchange existed in relation to the 1200 to 1450 time period? During the French Empire, the arts, including literature, music, and architecture, flourished. #traderace. The shogunate also established a system of feudalism, in which the daimyo, or regional lords, were required to spend every other year in the capital, Edo (present-day Tokyo). For example, the Kongo was in decline. Were very wealthy, powerful and diverse. As serfs, they were completely tied to the land and sold when the land sold. In the New World, work was done on plantations with slaves, communities were spread out, and there were natives. The Asante Empire and Kingdom of the Kongo participated in slave trade, which increased their wealth and power. Cash crops were profitable, but required a lot of labor. In the Americas, the Spanish established the e, Meanwhile, the silver trade was insanely profitable for the Spanish and the mines at. They ruled with aristocrats who were elected based on merit and their power was controlled. The Dutch Empire began to decline in the 19th century. In an effort to genocide Indigenous culture, Europeans were encouraged to procreate with the Indigenous and African communities. In 1685, the Catholic King James II ascended to the throne and began enacting anti-Protestant policies. Ottoman Empire, 1919. Texans, Choose three of the groups listed below and describe how their experience was similar to or different from the experience described in the song. During the Songhai Empire, the arts, including literature, music, and architecture, flourished. The Safavid Empire was a major regional power and had a significant influence on the culture and history of the Middle East. The land gained was a part of the European country and as such, the European countries would take the raw materials for their benefit. Elite Ottoman soldiers from the Devshirme system. An external challenge to the state usually comes from neighboring states or other colonizing forces in the region. From 1368 to 1644, China was ruled by the Ming dynasty.