These authors describe an evidence-based framework that has evolved over a decade. Developed by Linehan Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is an evidence-based treatment that is principle-driven, rendering it well-suited for adaptations across cultural contexts. This article conducts a systematic review of the literature to determine the nature and extent of cultural adaptations of DBT to date. Globalization is bringing people together, and increasing their knowledge and awareness of the latest technologies in healthcare. Murray and colleagues (Reference Murray, Haroz, Pullmann, Dorsey, Kane, Augustinavicius and Bolton2019) present data from two previously conducted RCTs (Bolton et al., Reference Bolton, Lee, Haroz, Murray, Dorsey, Robinson and Bass2014; Weiss et al., Reference Weiss, Murray, Zangana, Mahmooth, Kaysen, Dorsey and Bolton2015) in which they tested a modular, multi-problem, transdiagnostic manual using the common elements treatment approach (CETA). These values underpin the principle of cultural adaptation of evidence-based psychosocial interventions for people from diverse cultural and sub-cultural backgrounds. These findings are consistent with North American literature on culturally adapting CBT (Rosen et al., Reference Rosen, Rebeta and Rothschild2014; Shabtai et al., Reference Shabtai, Pirutinsky, Rosmarin, Ben-Avie, Ives and Loewenthal2016) and to improve access to mental health services for Jews (McEvoy et al., Reference McEvoy, Williamson, Kada, Frazer, Dhliwayo and Gask2017). Orthodox Jews and Muslims (Kada, Reference Kada2019; Mir et al., Reference Mir, Ghani, Meer and Hussain2019). They suggest that CBT compliments many aspects of military culture, for example agenda setting (emphasis on the daily structure), explicit goals for treatment (focus on mission completion) and focus on skill training (development of strengths). There is evidence to suggest that DBT is an effective treatment (Mndez-Bustos et al., Reference Mndez-Bustos, Calati, Rubio-Ramrez, Oli, Courtet and Lopez-Castroman2019; Panos et al., Reference Panos, Jackson, Hasan and Panos2014). I agree with the authors about the need for more research in this area. The authors argue that holding on to the Politeness Plural linguistic schema may reinforce emotional distancing and might compromise schema healing. Singh, Anneesa D. As the author rightly points out, the dearth of CBT studies in this area is troubling. and We are already discovering that behavioural approaches might need few changes in their application across cultures (Alatiq and Alrshoud, Reference Alatiq and Alrshoud2018). The authors have expanded on their work over a decade in developing a framework for cultural adaptation of CBT that can be replicated (Naeem et al., Reference Naeem, Phiri, Munshi, Rathod, Ayub, Gobbi and Kingdon2015a; Naeem et al., Reference Naeem, Rathod, Khan and Ayub2016a,b; Naeem et al., Reference Naeem, Phiri, Rathod and Ayub2019; Rathod et al., Reference Rathod, Kingdon, Phiri and Gobbi2010). } Finally, cultural considerations should be an essential part of the CBT courses and training of new CBT therapists. The term sub-culture is used to refer to minority cultures within a broader dominant culture. At its core, DBT helps people build four major skills: mindfulness. Finally, two papers describe the importance of self-reflection, self-practice and supervision (Brooks, Reference Brooks2019) and therapist self-disclosure (Phiri et al., Reference Phiri, Rathod, Gobbi, Carr and Kingdon2019). The notion that mindfulness-based therapies might be readily acceptable to people from a non-Western background has a common sense appeal. This brief manualized intervention can be delivered in four sessions and might be applicable across cultures. How dysfunctional are the dysfunctional attitudes in another culture? 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Furthermore, individuals might vary in their level of acculturation and religiosity, and this should be taken into consideration (Joseph and DiDuca, Reference Joseph and DiDuca2007). This Ca-CBTp was found to be feasible and acceptable as well as effective in a pilot RCT (Rathod et al., Reference Rathod, Phiri, Harris, Underwood, Thagadur, Padmanabi and Kingdon2013). These authors suggest that young children cannot be treated without considering attachment patterns, the broader family system and cultural variables. This approach is supported by the World Health Organization (WHO) as depicted in mhGAP (WHO, 2015), which promotes scaling up of evidence-based interventions and emphasizes the role of lay counsellors in delivering these interventions directly to the community members. Only limited literature is available on CBT with Arab clients (Kayrouz et al., Reference Kayrouz, Dear, Kayrouz, Karin, Gandy and Titov2018). Fonagy, Peter There is also a need to test the culture-free aspects of CBT. Render date: 2023-05-01T13:32:05.576Z There is evidence to suggest that CBT needs to be culturally adapted for the Mexicans (Organista and Muoz, Reference Organista and Muoz1996; Shea et al., Reference Shea, Cachelin, Gutierrez, Wang and Phimphasone2016) and we therefore envisage that adaptation took place at three levels: (1) for broader Mexican culture, (2) for the homeless, and (3) for the youth. The authors concluded that the lay counsellors delivered the intervention flexibly and were able to learn the decision-making processes of the therapy manual. They identified six significant themes: training experience in two different roles, the broader context of both services and their accessibility to the BME service users, differences encountered, adapting therapy for BME service users and therapists language and cultural expertise not being valued. It was the very definition of cultural appropriation: when a dominant group of people adopt the customs, practices and ideas of another group of people, often Brooks identifies some of the challenges that refugees, asylum seekers and survivors of torture may present with. Published online by Cambridge University Press: 2021. This declaration asserts that cultural pluralism pre-supposes respect for human rights. This paper describes the authors experience of delivering training in culturally sensitive CBT, thoughtful commentary on race relations in England, and improving access to CBT for BME clients. As far as I know, this is the only evidence-based intervention that was adapted for a religious group in England and is being implemented in at least some parts of the service. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. These enhancements are drawn from the clinical work and experience of intensively trained bilingual DBT therapists. They argue that family systems, religion and local cultural beliefs should all be taken into consideration when providing culturally adapted CBT. The belief that not being a pious person is associated with depression or anxiety is also common among other religious groups (Mir et al., Reference Mir, Ghani, Meer and Hussain2019; Naeem et al., Reference Naeem, Phiri, Munshi, Rathod, Ayub, Gobbi and Kingdon2015a). Military personnel share a common bond, feeling of unity and a sense of purpose and direction. 2021. 2022. Another survey from Canada reported time spent with trauma victims to be the strongest predictor of the traumatic stress. I encourage the author to develop this work in the form of a training workshop. Peter Phiri and colleagues present findings from a sub-analysis of a qualitative study to culturally adapt CBT for psychosis for people of Afro-Caribbean and South Asian background (Rathod et al., Reference Rathod, Kingdon, Phiri and Gobbi2010). The authors suggest that any attempt at holding on to the Politeness Plural cultural, linguistic schema in the Greek-speaking culture employed by either the therapist or the client reinforces emotional distancing and prevents the therapy from working through those maladaptive coping and internalized dysfunctional mechanisms of self that perpetuate schemas on both. CBT research until recently has primarily focused on white, middle-class, well-educated service users, who are of European-American identities (Suinn, Reference Suinn2003). Religious beliefs about causes and treatment of epilepsy, The Dimensions of Religiosity Scale: 20-item self-report measure of religious preoccupation, guidance, conviction, and emotional involvement, Formulation and treatment: integrating religion and spirituality in clinical practice, Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, Meta-analysis of the efficacy and acceptability of cognitive-behavioural therapy for Arab adult populations experiencing anxiety, depression or post-traumatic stress disorder.