All articles are regularly reviewed and updated by the HISTORY.com team. Founding and History of the New Jersey Colony, Colonial Governments of the Original 13 Colonies, Biography of Benjamin Franklin, Printer, Inventor, Statesman, Germans in the American Revolutionary War, The Most Important Inventions of the Industrial Revolution, William Penn's Experiment in the Wilderness: Promise and Legend, William Penn and Toleration: Foundations of Colonial Pennsylvania. In the Chesapeake area, slaveholding was far from universal, and many of the plantations had fewer than twenty slaves. The Pennsylvania Colony became a U.S. state on December 12 th, 1787. Social services provided by the state include child protection, drug and alcohol rehabilitation, geriatric care, and help for victims of domestic violence. Working as domestics, assistants to craftsmen, or stevedores in the port cities, they lived in their master's home, as did indentured servants and apprentices. Enslaved, This Meant That Since God Did Not Make Distinctions By Gender At the bottom of the social ladder were slaves and indentured servants; successful planters in the south and wealthy merchants in the north were the colonial elite. There are also more than 50 private colleges and universities in Pennsylvania. Pennsylvanias early history, influenced by the idealism of its founder William Penn, makes it unique among the original thirteen colonies. Reading Terminal became a hub for locomotive transportation and innovation across the country. Previous In 1609, Henry Hudson sailed into Delaware Bay, thus giving the Dutch their claim to the area. and any corresponding bookmarks? The first inhabitants were a mixture of country gentlemen (mostly Catholic) and workers and artisans (mostly Protestant). Proposing amendments was also part of its duties. It would not be until 1703 that Delaware would separate itself from Pennsylvania. Temple University (1884), in Philadelphia, the University of Pittsburgh (1787), and Lincoln University (1854) are also state-supported. The king named the colony after Penns father, Admiral Sir Penn. It was the only college in the world at the time to train female physicians. The conflict resulted in the War of Regulation, in which the western insurgents were crushed at the Battle of Alamance Creek on May 16, 1771. Class System. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. Lancaster county is the original home of the Amish, but owing to the growth of their population, they have expanded to other areas in Pennsylvania and . The middle class were farmers and merchants. Penn returned to England in 1701 and died there in 1718. They ran the house, farmed and raised children. The rest of Pennsylvanias cities are designated as third-class. Within a few days Penn made a treaty with the Leni Lenape to purchase his grant of land from them, even though there was no law requiring him to do so. On September 18, 1777, fearing that the approaching British army would seize and melt the Liberty Bell for ammunition, 200 cavalrymen transported the iconic symbol of freedom by caravan from the Philadelphia State House to the basement of the Zion Reformed Church in Allentown, where it remained until the British finally left in June of 1778. In addition, the pacifism exemplified by Penn helped launch several treaties with the local Native Americans. The colony is also part of the "bread basket of America" because it was suitable to grow a surplus of wheat, corn, barley, and rye. As a result, Pennsylvania became a diverse and dynamic colony. Removing #book# One of the original 13 colonies, Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn as a haven for his fellow Quakers. Infant mortality rates in the colonies were much lower than those in England, and life expectancy was considerably higher. Founding governor William Penn and his colonists chose to follow the general government structure but also diverged from general ruling practices by giving some power back to the people and allowing religious freedom. This mixture would surely doom the Catholic experiment. It was not uncommon at all for a woman to have eight children and more than forty grandchildren. Embraced Religious Toleration And Social And Political Systems He received the land grant as payment for a personal debt owed by the king to his father. ), Newspapers in foreign languages and mutual aid networks sprouted as more immigrants moved into Pennsylvania. "The Pennsylvania Colony: A Quaker Experiment in America." Before European settlement, Pennsylvania was inhabited by many native tribes, including the Erie, Honniasont, Huron, Iroquois (especially Seneca and Oneida), Leni Lenape, Munsee, Shawnee, Susquehannock, and unknown others. All Rights Reserved. The Pennsylvania colony was one of the 13 original British colonies that became the United States of America. The University of Pennsylvania, for example, added several graduate programs, admitted women to them, and enrolled students of color. Penn and his friends came up from Chester in an open boat and landed on the low and sandy beach at Dock Creek, it is believed. Pennsylvania has retained strong elements of folk culture among its diverse ethnic groups. William Penn: Founding and governorship of Pennsylvania. Swedes and Finns continued to arrive and settle in what would become Pennsylvania. Manufacturing in the Pennsylvania Colony included shipbuilding, textiles, and papermaking. In 1608, English Captain John Smith visited the Susquehannock Indians in Pennsylvania. Cereal grains, flax, and cattle became important to the economies of Virginia and Maryland in the eighteenth century. It then became the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and one of America's first 13 states. Hershey Chocolate was first sold commercially on April 17, 1895, and the company began marketing its signature Milk Chocolate bars in 1900. The economy of the Pennsylvania Colony revolves around wheat, grain, and agriculture. Now, in 1682, Penn finally stood on the shores of the colony of Pennsylvania. Servants were at the bottom of the class system but were few in numbers and . After learning the trade, Milton opened his first business making and selling candy on Garden Street in Philadelphia in 1876. The Quaker farmers turned to these for work on their farms. What was the Social Structure like among the people of Delaware and Pennsylvania? Proposing amendments was also part of its duties. Eventually, colonial officials called on the Iroquois, another prominent local Native tribe, to help remove the Lenape from the land in 1741. Pennsylvania has retained strong elements of folk culture among its diverse ethnic groups. In 1913 the first automobile service station opened in Pittsburgh. In the colonial era, the commonly held idea was that good housewives would raise good children who would become upstanding citizens in the community. Pennsylvania grew 8 times its original amount from 1700 to 1780. In the period of European exploration, there was a flurry of activity in North America. It was founded in 1682 by the English Quaker William Penn. The state became a major oil refinery and storage center. The social structure of the colonies. Today, the universitys Wharton School is recognized for its leadership in business education, and its renowned Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology (also known as the Penn Museum) sponsors archaeological expeditions throughout the world. Other schools with major reputations are Bryn Mawr College (1880), one of the Seven Sisters schools; Haverford College (1833) and Swarthmore College (1864), which are Quaker schools; and Villanova University (1842), a Roman Catholic institutionall near Philadelphia. In 1610 Virginian Captain Samuel Argall visited Delaware Bay (he named it for Lord de la Warr, governor of Virginia). By 1683, the Second General Assembly created the Second Frame of Government. Both in their lifestyles and social pursuits (such as horse racing), the southern gentry emulated the English country squire. Their farms were worked by tenant farmers, who received a share of the crop for their labor. In New England, molasses and sugar were distilled into rum, which was used to buy African slaves. Pennsylvania today. The largest group was the middle class which was made up of artisans, business owners, and small farmers. The Articles of Confederation were also drafted in Pennsylvania, the document that formed the basis of the new Confederation that was created at the end of the Revolutionary War. The one area he didnt rule was the money. William Penn initially requested his land grant be named Sylvania, from the Latin for woods. Charles II instead named it Pennsylvania, after Penns father, causing Penn to worry that settlers would believe he named it after himself. The City of Brotherly Love as it's known is where the Continental Congress held its first meeting and where the Declaration of Independence, U.S. Constitution and the Gettysburg Address were written. Mabel Pauline Wolff, The Colonial Agency of Pennsylvania, 1712-1757 (Phila-delphia, I933). What was the social structure in Colonial Pennsylvania. With opportunities for newcomers limited in the settled coastal areas, many German and ScotchIrish immigrants pushed into the interior, where available land was more abundant. The Pennsylvania Colonys landscape included mountains, coastal plains, and plateaus and land suitable for farming. Articles with the HISTORY.com Editors byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan and Matt Mullen. proprietary colony from your Reading List will also remove any A major responsibility in this regard is to classify all municipalitiessuch as cities, boroughs, counties, and townshipsby population size. In 1643, Governor Johan Printz arrived and built Fort Elfsborg and Fort New Gothenburg at Tinicum Island, nearby todays Philadelphia airport. Servants were at the bottom of the class system but were few in numbers and treated much better in the Pennsylvania. Tobacco remained the most important cash crop around Chesapeake Bay, but the volatility of tobacco prices encouraged planters to diversify. Dating from the 18th century are Dickinson College (1773), in Carlisle; Franklin and Marshall College (1787), in Lancaster; and Washington and Jefferson College (1787), in Washington. Enlightenment and Religious Revival. Craftsmen learned their trade as apprentices and became journeymen when their term of apprenticeship (as long as seven years) was completed. Government in colonial times resembled the British structure of a king and two houses of Parliament, and were subject to British rule. The city was the worlds largest and most varied manufacturer of textile weaving including Weavers at the Quaker Lace Company, the Pennsylvania Woven Carpet Mills and the New Glen Echo Mills. The king changed the name to Pennsylvania, in honor of the admiral. Pennsylvanias capital, Philadelphia, was the site of the first and second Continental Congresses in 1774 and 1775, the latter of which produced the Declaration of Independence, sparking the American Revolution. A deputy governor, Captain John Blackwell, was assigned, but shortly he resigned. Penn had high hopes that the colony would enjoy religious freedom, as well as peace with the Lenni Lenapes and other American Indians who had lived in this land for centuries. Today, the Hershey name decorates numerous buildings in the town known for its chocolate factory, hotel and theme park as well as its community and cultural and educational institutions. The General Assembly was established in Pennsylvania in 1682. King Charles II of England owed $80,000 to Admiral Sir William Penn. The militia was under his rule and he had the power to appoint judges, sheriffs and other officials as needed. A council was assembled to help rule with the governor. Population of Pennsylvania in 1700: 17,950. HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. Any Swedish settlers were to become English subjects, seeing that the English were now in a majority in the colony. The gentry, upper class, contained large landowners and wealthy merchants. Women were expected to help the men in hard labor tasks in order for survival. In the late 20th century the provision of better health service to all people at all ages became a goal at both private and governmental levels. He is the author of "The Everything American Presidents Book" and "Colonial Life: Government. When the supply of labor outstripped demand, wages fell and the level of unemployment rose. Between the Civil War and the 1920s, state government was, with a few exceptions in the late 19th century, controlled by the Republican Party. South Carolina planters often owned townhouses in Charleston and would probably have gone to someplace like Newport to escape the heat in summer. He also established laws providing for education and prohibiting slavery. In 1765 it began the first institution for the study of medicine in the state. Milton ended his formal education in 1871 and worked with a printer before starting an apprenticeship with Joseph R. Royer, a confectioner in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Economic Growth and Development 18151860, Grant Administration; Reconstruction Ends. New England's rocky soil and short growing season along with the practice of dividing already small farms among siblings led families to a barely subsistent living. 2015-11-04 04:06:29. As the size of the colony increases up to a maximum of about 60,000 workers, so does the efficiency of the colony. Middle Colonies - Social Standing Flexible social structure. At the same time the company was coming up and its park was being built, the town of Hershey flourished with its own post office, fire department, bank, hotel, public school, churches, parks and golf courses. Penn sought a colony in Americawhat he called a "holy experiment"to protect himself and fellow Quakers from persecution. This is the only one out of the three levels that could levy or change taxes. The governing principles it adopted were based on Quaker values of religious tolerance and participatory government. Politics. He set up the colony as one of religious freedom. When colonizing, Penn made sure to fully pay for the land from the Indians. 1 See , for example Lawrence Stone "Social Mobility in England 1500-1700," Past and Present, no. The Pennsylvania colony was among the 'Middle Colonies' of America, which included prominent colonies such as New York, New Jersey, and Delaware. The resulting rapid growth of health services and of the share they took of both personal and state income became of great concern to individual citizens as well as to policy makers. The assembly officials were elected by the people of Pennsylvania to be representatives of the people. For example, Parliament, concerned about possible competition from colonial hatters, prohibited the export of hats from one colony to another and limited the number of apprentices in each hatmaker's shop. The social structure of the colonies. 2 The colony was well-advertised, and by 1700 it was the third-biggest and the richest colony in the New World. This territory was then surrendered to the Dutch in 1655 when Peter Stuyvesant sent a large force to invade. This also was the way things happened in Delaware. Of these the University of Pennsylvania (1740), in Philadelphia, an Ivy League school, is one of the most distinguished. Now the largest city in Pennsylvania, Philadelphia served as the nations capital from 1790 until a permanent capital was established in. The gentry were the rich class. Philadelphia, a city in Pennsylvania whose name means City of Brotherly Love, was originally settled by Native American tribes, particularly the Lenape hunter gatherers . Updated: June 13, 2022 | Original: November 9, 2009. Population growth put pressure on the limited supply of land in the north, while the best land in the south was already in the hands of planters. Middle Colonies - Government The Declaration of Independence was signed in Philadelphia's Independence Hall. Around the early 1900s, educational opportunities became more readily available through expanding colleges and universities. Even as wage earners, the journeymen often still lived with their former master and ate at his table. The social structure of colonial Pennsylvania is consistent with all of the rest of the thirteen colonies. Pennsylvania and other middle colonies had a more equal class system. In the year 1769, Pennsylvania and Delaware as well as the rest of the colonies were still upholding and basing their laws of of England's Common Law.The Common Law stated . This marks the first permanent settlement by Europeans in Pennsylvania. Many New Englanders left farming to fish or produce lumber, tar, and pitch that could be exchanged for English manufactured goods. Many Natives live here, and as a colony we have formed a treaty with them. The Pennsylvania colony was officially established by a newly converted aristocratic Quaker, William Penn. At midcentury, just under a quarter million blacks lived in the colonies, almost twenty times the number in 1700. Filtering into the backcountry of Pennsylvania, Virginia, and the Carolinas, they established farms on the frontier and grew just enough food to keep themselves going. In addition, the General Assembly adopted the Great Law, which provided for the liberty of conscience in terms of religious affiliations. Yet even in Pennsylvania ( Pennsylvania: Frame of Government and Pennsylvania: An Act of Freedom of Conscience ), although the law was ostensibly "tolerant" of religious variety and protective of freedom of . What did the people of Pennsylvania do for a living? When Isaac Hershey purchased four tracts of land in what is today known as Dauphin County, chocolate hadnt yet been invented, let alone popularized. This is where the Declaration of Independence was written and signed. Pennsylvania's first constitution, the Frame of Government was drafted in April, 1682, providing for an upper house and lower house of the legislature. The secretary of state and the secretary of education are appointed by the governor, subject to Senate approval. Penn drew up the First Frame of Government in 1682, and in it, he outlined that there should be a provincial council of 72 elected members. Later on the French and Indian War damaged their relationship. 1 In 1688, the first written protest against enslavement in North America was created and signed by the Quakers in Germantown. See answer (1) Best Answer. 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. The Pennsylvania Colony was a proprietary colony until the American Revolution began. This frame of government attracted citizens of all nationalities to the colony very quickly, causing its growth to surpass that of New York within a matter of a few years. It is agreed that anyone of good moral character is capable of . The settlers wanted to work together with the Native Americans in a respectful manner. The largest group was the middle class which was made up of artisans, business owners, and small farmers. They remained peaceful throughout the years leading up to the Revolutionary War. The religion in the Pennsylvania Colony is the Quaker religion. The colony was well-advertised, and by 1700 it was the third-biggest and the richest colony in the New World. Philadelphia is a major centre of medical education, while Pittsburgh's Carnegie Mellon Universityformed in 1967 by the merger of the Carnegie Institute of Technology (founded in 1900 as the Carnegie Technical School) and the Mellon Institute (1913)makes that city a centre of . The largest ethnic group to arrivethe African slavescame in chains. But by 1720, a wheat-based economy had sprung up, and the good reputation of Pennsylvania in Europe was luring Scots-Irish and German immigrants, who were willing to hire on as indentured servants in exchange for passage across the Atlantic. Hard work in the farming, forestry or mineral mining industries filled most days in the Pennsylvania colony. Physical Geography During the Battle of Lexington & Concord, America's Best Schools for Master's in Theology, Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission Bureau of Archives and History: Records of the Proprietary Government, Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission; William Penn's Legacy; Religious and Spiritual Diversity, USHistory.org: The Pennsylvania Revolution, The Difference Between the Latin American Wars of Independence and the French Revolution. What were the social classes in Pennsylvania colony? Pennsylvania was among three of the original 13 colonies that were given provincial charters. Penn's goal with Pennsylvania was to create a colony that allowed for freedom of religion. Famous Pennsylvanians include patriot and inventor Benjamin Franklin, frontiersman Daniel Boone, painter Mary Cassatt and inventor Robert Fulton. Wiki User. Penn intended the colony to be a refuge for Quakers and other religious minorities. Before Penn was granted land rights to build his colony, King Charles and his heirs bought the claims of the Native Americans who lived in the region. In 1903, the Boston Americans and Pittsburgh Pirates competed against each other in the first official World Series of Major League Baseball at Exposition Park in Pittsburgh. Saving enough money to go into business for himself was the dream of every journeyman. The governor in colonial times was a direct representative of the British king or queen. Among the urban poor were the unskilled laborers, stevedores, and crew members of the fishing and whaling fleets. Senators are elected for four-year terms and representatives for two-year terms. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/key-facts-about-the-pennsylvania-colony-103879. On March 4, 1681, King Charles signed the Charter of Pennsylvania, and it was officially proclaimed on April 2. In the American Civil War (1861-1865), Pennsylvania was the site of the Battle of Gettysburg in which Union General George Meade defeated Confederate General Robert E. Lee, bringing an end to the Confederacys Northern invasion, as well as Lincolns famous Gettysburg Address.
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