[148] In 2013, Liberia began importing power from neighboring Ivory Coast and Guinea through the West African Power Pool. 911. [15], Microlithic industries with ceramics became common by the Mid-Holocene, coupled with an apparent intensification of wild food exploitation. [98][99] On July 20, 2012, the Liberian senate voted unanimously to enact legislation to prohibit and criminalize same-sex marriages. Monrovia stands on such an outcropping, a ridge of diabase (a dark-coloured, fine-grained rock). Liberias rainforest used to abound with animals such as monkeys, chimpanzees, small antelopes, pygmy hippopotamuses, and anteaters. [18] Formed in 1816, the American Colonization Society (ACS) was made up mostly of Quakers and slaveholders. Longest distances: 274 kilometers (170 miles) from north-northeast to south-southwest; 548 . What are the major mountains of Liberia and their location? Coauthor of. These resulted in the deaths of 250,000 people (about 8% of the population) and the displacement of many more, with Liberia's economy shrinking by 90%. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Corrections? The Greater Monrovia District has 970,824 residents. [86], Prior to the 2008 census, the last census had been taken in 1984 and listed the country's population as 2,101,628. Liberia is divided into 15 counties which are subdivided into 90 and further into clans. From its original name, it was first renamed . [57], The Armed Forces of Liberia (AFL) are the country's armed forces. Other trees of value are rubber, cacao, coffee, and the raffia palm. [189], In 2014, an outbreak of Ebola virus in Guinea spread to Liberia. [16], This influx of these groups was compounded by the decline of the Mali Empire in 1375 and the Songhai Empire in 1591. Updates? [164] As of 2022, 27 indigenous languages are spoken in Liberia, but each is a first language for only a small percentage of the population. [citation needed] Liberia struggled to attract investment to develop infrastructure and a larger, industrial economy. The Liberian constitution provides for freedom of religion, and the government generally respects this right. [94] The National Police Training Academy is in Paynesville City. [204], A rich literary tradition has existed in Liberia for over a century. [45] By September 1990, Doe's forces controlled only a small area just outside the capital, and Doe was captured and executed in that month by rebel forces. Based on the political principles of the United States Constitution, it established the independent Republic of Liberia. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [123] Due in large part to foreign aid and investment inflow following the end of the war, Liberia maintains a large account deficit, which peaked at nearly 60% in 2008. Findings included government involvement in widespread "Forced or compulsory labour". [111] As a result of bilateral, multilateral and commercial debt relief from 2007 to 2010, the country's external debt fell to $222.9 million by 2011. Liberia also helped to fund the Organisation of African Unity. In 2007, the HIV infection rates stood at 2% of the population aged 1549[188] whereas the incidence of tuberculosis was 420 per 100,000 people in 2008. [53] Founding of Liberia, 1847 The founding of Liberia in the early 1800s was motivated by the domestic politics of slavery and race in the United States as well as by U.S. foreign policy interests. [77] Species hunted for food in Liberia include elephants, pygmy hippopotamus, chimpanzees, leopards, duikers, and other monkeys. [61] In October 2011, peace activist Leymah Gbowee received the Nobel Peace Prize in her work of leading a women's peace movement that brought to an end to the Second Liberian Civil War in 2003. [134], The mining industry of Liberia has witnessed a revival after the civil war which ended in 2003. Providence Island - UNESCO World Heritage Centre [121][122] These sanctions were lifted in 2006. Rape is the most frequently reported crime, accounting for more than one-third of sexual violence cases. The Dei, Bassa, Kru, Gola, and Kissi were some of the earliest documented peoples in the area. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [12] Americo-Liberians encouraged religious organizations to set up missions and schools to educate the indigenous peoples. Wikidata ID. [150] The government divided its offshore waters into 17 blocks and began auctioning off exploration licenses for the blocks in 2004, with further auctions in 2007 and 2009. For other uses, see, Please help by moving some material from it into the body of the article. The Portuguese named the area Costa da Pimenta ("Pepper Coast") but it later came to be known as the Grain Coast, due to the abundance of melegueta pepper grains. [1], The Legislature is composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. (2007). [195] In 2009, government expenditure on health care per capita was US$22,[196] accounting for 10.6% of total GDP. It has a population of around 5 million and covers an area of 43,000 square miles (111,369km2). [13] A peace agreement in 2003 led to democratic elections in 2005. Shallow, coarse lithosols, in the hilly and rugged terrain, cover about one-eighth of the land. Liberia currently does not have any constitutional framework or uniform statutes which deal with the creation or revocation of local governments. [214], Liberia has not yet completely adopted the International System of Units (abbreviated as the SI, also called the metric system). [129][130][131][132] Liberia has a climate favourable to farming, vast forests, and an abundance of water, yet low yields mean that over half of foodstuffs are imported, with net agricultural trade at -$73.12 million in 2010. [83] A 2004 UN report estimated that 99% of Liberians burned charcoal and fuel wood for cooking and heating, resulting in deforestation. Professor of Geography, East Carolina College, Greenville, North Carolina. Liberia is divided into 15 counties which are subdivided into 90 and further into clans. African Methodist Episcopal University, a private higher education institution that was founded in 1995. [citation needed] On July 16, 1892, Martha Ann Erskine Ricks met Queen Victoria at Windsor Castle and presented her a handmade quilt, Liberia's first diplomatic gift. [68] Climate change in Liberia causes many problems as Liberia is particularly vulnerable to climate change. [citation needed] It was made up primarily of Americo-Liberians, who maintained social, economic and political dominance well into the 20th century, repeating patterns of European colonists in other nations in Africa. The 1988 Omnibus Foreign Trade and Competitiveness Act designated the metric system as "the preferred system of weights and measures for United States trade and commerce," but in practice the system is in mixed usage, with the population generally preferring customary units and industries either fully metric or mixed. Nicola Jones, Janice Cooper, Elizabeth Presler-Marshall and David Walker, June 2014; "The fallout of rape as a weapon of war", ODI; Pew Forum on Religious & Public life. [142] With low rates of adult literacy and high poverty rates, television and newspaper use is limited, leaving radio as the predominant means of communicating with the public. Like many other countries in Africa, Liberia both faces existing environmental issues, as well as sustainable development challenges. A Brief History of the African Country of Liberia - ThoughtCo It lies between latitudes 4 and 9N, and longitudes 7 and 12W. - 13488122 President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf At Official Launch and Fundraising Program Of the Grand Bassa Community College", "Government Moves Ahead With Education Decentralization Plans", "July 26 Celebrations Kick Off in Lofa As President Sirleaf Arrives", "Liberia's Weah announces free tuition for undergrads", "Starz University Aim For Global Success", "St Clements University College Liberia", "The State of the World's Midwifery 2011: Liberia", "Maternal health gets a new boost in Liberia", "Data: Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 1549)", "Liberia: Nurtitional "crisis" in Monrovia", "Data: Malnutrition prevalence, weight for age (% of children under 5). The internal security is characterized by a general lawlessness coupled with the danger that former combatants in the late civil war might reestablish militias to challenge the civil authorities. [51] The Americo-Liberian settlers did not relate well to the indigenous peoples they encountered. [71] Climate change is expected to severely impact the economy of Liberia, especially agriculture, fisheries, and forestry. The landscape is characterized by mostly flat to rolling coastal plains that contain mangroves and swamps, which rise to a rolling plateau and low mountains in the northeast. The presence of MSA populations in forests remains an open question; however technological differences may correlate with various ecological zones. Together with the vice president, the president is elected to a six-year term by majority vote in a two-round system and can serve up to two terms in office. As inland regions underwent desertification, inhabitants moved to the wetter coast. Stella Maris Polytechnic, a post-secondary, private institution of higher learning. [76] In 2012, President Sirleaf granted licenses to companies to cut down 58% of all the primary rainforest left in Liberia. [155], As of the 2017 national census, Liberia was home to 4,694,608 people. [43] A strategic Cold War ally of the West, Doe received significant financial backing from the United States while critics condemned the PRC for corruption and political repression. Liberia declared independence on July 26, 1847, which the U.S. did not recognize until February 5, 1862. [80] In pigs here and in Ivory Coast, that includes Tbg group 1. [90] The judicial system is a blend of common law, based on Anglo-American law, and customary law. The map can be downloaded, printed, and used for educational purposes or coloring. Category:Islands of Liberia - Wikipedia [143], Public electricity services are provided solely by the state-owned Liberia Electricity Corporation, which operates a small grid almost exclusively in the Greater Monrovia District. [57] Upon her inauguration, Sirleaf requested the extradition of Taylor from Nigeria and transferred him to the SCSL for trial in The Hague. [90] GDP per capita peaked in 1980 at US$496, when it was comparable to Egypt's (at the time). Liberia began in the early 19th century as a project of the American Colonization Society (ACS), which believed black people would face better chances for freedom and prosperity in Africa than in the United States. It hosts FIFA World Cup qualifying matches in addition to international concerts and national political events. [168], In 2010, the literacy rate of Liberia was estimated at 60.8% (64.8% for males and 56.8% for females). 19, [8] Gradually developing an Americo-Liberian identity, [9] [10] the settlers carried their culture and tradition with them. [49] The Second Liberian Civil War began in 1999 when Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy, a rebel group based in the northwest of the country, launched an armed insurrection against Taylor. [58][59], In 2006, the government established a Truth and Reconciliation Commission to address the causes and crimes of the civil war. In 1980, political tensions from the rule of William R. Tolbert resulted in a military coup during which Tolbert was killed, marking the end of Americo-Liberian rule in the country and beginning over two decades of political instability. Next is the region of rolling hills about 32 km wide and an average elevation of 90 m. Beyond that is a dissected plateau with scattered mountains. [43] The coup leaders formed the People's Redemption Council (PRC) to govern the country. The outline map represents the West African country of Liberia. [citation needed], In the United States, there was a movement to settle free people of color, both free-born and formerly enslaved, in Africa. Challenges of reservoir hosts and transmission cycles: Expect the unexpected", "Desert Locust Bulletin General situation during September 2021 Forecast until mid-November 2021", "Restoring the Battered and Broken Environment of Liberia One of the Keys to a New and Sustainable Future". 6CRF9647+VR. [171] In other areas children are required to pay a tuition fee to attend school. The Republic of Liberia is a country located in western Africa off the coastline of the Atlantic Ocean. After UN Security Council Resolution 1509 in September 2003, the United Nations Mission in Liberia arrived to referee the ceasefire with units from Ghana, Nigeria, Pakistan, and China with the view to assist the National Transitional Government of Liberia in forming the new Liberian military. Liberian independence was proclaimed in 1847, and its boundaries were expanded. As observed on Liberia's physical map, the elevation of the land gradually increases with distance from the coast. [212][213] The Liberia national football team has reached the Africa Cup of Nations finals twice, in 1996 and 2002. The four physiographic regions of Liberia parallel the coast. [1] Among the president's other duties are to sign or veto legislative bills, grant pardons, and appoint Cabinet members, judges, and other public officials. Map of Africa - Countries of Africa - Nations Online Project Most of these Christian denominations were brought by African-American settlers moving from the United States into Liberia via the American Colonization Society, while some are indigenousespecially Pentecostal and evangelical Protestant ones. [66] The inauguration marked Liberia's first fully democratic transition in 74 years. At $0.54 per kWh, the cost of electricity in Liberia is among the highest in the world. The colonial settlements were raided by the Kru and Grebo, from their inland chiefdoms. [citation needed], The government of Liberia, modeled on the government of the United States, is a unitary constitutional republic and representative democracy as established by the Constitution. [202] Most Americo-Liberian men were members of the Masonic Order of Liberia, which became heavily involved in the nation's politics. [160] In 2010 some 43.5% of Liberians were below the age of 15.[157]. This triggered the First Liberian Civil War. [146], The repair and expansion of the Mount Coffee Hydropower Project, with a maximum capacity of 80 MW, was completed in 2018.
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