For example, the lack of peer-reviewed criticism of creation science should not be used as a justification for marginalizing or removing scientific criticism of creation science, since creation science itself is not published in peer-reviewed journals. These abilities supposedly then deteriorated over thousands of years. In 1215, King John enacted the Magna Carta, which was one of the first documents to support democracy. It said that no freeman could be punished except by the law of the people. It has been estimated that the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster released approximately one-tenth of the radiation of the Chernobyl accident. One estimate has suggested that more than 150 million Americans might be of royal descent. From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core. The Toledot has been supported by the anecdotes of the Midrash and Talmud, which have attempted to debunk two primary Christian doctrines, the virgin birth and the ascension of Jesus. [2]:173, Margaret Wertheim profiled many "outsider scientists" in her book Physics on the Fringe, who receive little or no attention from professional scientists. Hitlerwho got wind of the planhad no other choice but to launch a preemptive strike. Some scholars have suggested the book was put together no earlier than the sixth century, while the earliest mention of the book is thought to have come from the year 826. For example, creationism and creation science should be described primarily as religious and political movements and the fact that claims from those perspectives are disputed by mainstream theologians and scientists should be directly addressed. We can thank those two for fringe outfits, flower headbands, and probably Coachella. Donora is a small town located on the Monongahela River, 39 kilometers (24 mi) southeast of Pittsburgh. To determine whether something is pseudoscientific or merely an alternative theoretical formulation, consider this: Alternative theoretical formulations generally tweak things on the frontiers of science, or deal with strong, puzzling evidencewhich is difficult to explain awayin an effort to create a model that better explains reality. Germ theory denialism is the pseudoscientific belief that germs do not cause infectious disease, and that the germ theory of disease is wrong. This one is pretty self-explanatory. The girl discovered the connection after exploring a genealogy database created by her grandfather. This label does not cover theories that . According to the stoned ape theory by American author and philosopher Terence McKenna, after our ancestors climbed down from the treetops, they began eating psilocybin mushrooms that thrived in the waste of cattlea move that sped up their evolution. We use the term fringe theory in a very broad sense to describe an idea that departs significantly from the prevailing views or mainstream views in its particular field. If the status of a given idea changes, then Wikipedia changes to reflect that change. In the case of obscure fringe theories, secondary sources that describe the theories should be carefully vetted for reliability. [5] For example, focal infection theory, which held that focal infections of the tonsils or teeth are a primary cause of systemic disease, was once considered to be medical fact. - [2]:58[3] The general public has difficulty distinguishing between science and its imitators,[2]:173 and in some cases a "yearning to believe or a generalized suspicion of experts is a very potent incentive to accepting pseudoscientific claims". Gradually, more members of the Lost Tribes, and even Eastern Christians, immigrated to Japan and assimilated with the original settlers. In 1919, the British-Israel-World Federation was set up in London and joined by some prominent political figures, including the Prime Minister of New Zealand, William Massey. Attempts by inventors and adherents to artificially inflate the perceived renown of their fringe theories, such as sock puppetry in AfD discussions, are prohibited. There are numerous reasons for these requirements. The book was first translated into Latin by a Dominican friar named Ramon Marti in the 1200s. Brooks-Baker also claimed that Queen Elizabeth is related to the Prophet Mohammed. The 10 Most Fascinating (And Terrifying) Fringe Sciences By All That's Interesting | Edited By Savannah Cox Published July 25, 2014 Updated April 5, 2018 Relativity Einstein is responsible for this one. During the Middle Ages, invading armies would fling plague-ridden corpses over castle walls. [2]:161. Believers claim that radiation from the plant has spread around the world and is causing negative health concerns and that Fukushima is not experiencing some leaks, but the disaster is an ongoing event like never witnessed before, which might continue for hundreds of years. It can be an unverified hypothesis, historical hoax, or pseudoscientific discovery. The hygiene hypothesis is a theory that says children in developed countries may be more susceptible to allergic diseases because of a lack of exposure to certain infectious agents, which has caused a problem with the natural development of the immune systems. 4 fascinating Fringe Science theories that will blow your mind-----. Claims that are uncontroversial and uncontested within reliable sources should be presented as simple statements of facte.g. 1. 10 Controversial Fringe Theories by Dylan Angeles fact checked by Jamie Frater A fringe theory is an idea that departs from the mainstream view. A conjecture that has not received critical review from the scientific community or that has been rejected may be included in an article about a scientific subject only if other high-quality reliable sources discuss it as an alternative position. Should any inconsistency arise between this guideline and the content policies, the policies take precedence. In 1405, the document was banned by the church, and in 1543, it was used by Martin Luther to condemn Jews. Rarely, fringe ideas do become accepted by 'regular' scientists. Criticisms of fringe theories should be reported on relative to the visibility, notability, and reliability of the sources that do the criticizing. He was also familiar with explosives and grenade-launchers. Likewise, views of adherents should not be excluded from an article on creation science solely on the basis that their work lacks peer review. Specifically theories that didn't start out as a scientific/STEM discovery. Supporters of this theory claim that documents exist pointing to the Soviets discussing an attack on Germany. Not too long ago, we discussed how agriculture may have adversely affected human society. Particularly harsh criticism should be attributed"Philosopher A. C. Grayling dismisses intelligent design as 'a little driblet of childish ignorance; a mark of mankind's infancy'"while simple facts"humans and chimpanzees evolved from a common ancestor"are best left stated simply as facts rather than recast as opinions. Only a very few of these actually have any meaningful peer review outside of promoters of the fringe theories, and they should generally be considered unreliable. Purpose - The purpose of this research is to examine the undergraduate thesis methodology, programming languages, and databases utilized to create thesis projects. The pop science audience is in millions and you can't assume they all have similar opinions. Here are the top ten fringe sciences and theories that could become mainstream in your lifetime: Cybernetics is the study and re-creation of control systems (the nervous system, the brain, and mechanical-electrical communication systems). If discussed in an article about a mainstream idea, a theory that is not broadly supported by scholarship in its field must not be given undue weight,[1] and reliable sources must be cited that affirm the relationship of the marginal idea to the mainstream idea in a serious and substantial manner. Fringe Science: Parallel Universes, White Tulips, and Mad Scientists Brendan Allison, Amy Berner (Contributor), Kevin R. Grazier (Editor) 3.92 168 ratings15 reviews Fringe has always been more than the sum of its partsbut its parts, too, are worth a closer look. The main purveyor of the theory was Aristotle, who based his studies on the ideas of thinkers like Anaximander, Hippolytus, and Anaxagoras, all of whom stressed the ways in which life could spontaneously come into being from inanimate matter like slime, mud, and earth when exposed to sunlight. Journals that are not peer reviewed by the wider academic community should not be considered reliable, except to show the views of the groups represented by those journals.[9]. Acceptance of new science can come slowly. Although his fellow scholars tried their best to accommodate Hardouins theory, his constant push for these radical views eventually turned him into an outcast in the scientific community. The text is widely believed to be a hoax, but has been presented as fact at different points throughout history. In 2010, a story surfaced that a seventh-grade student in Watsonville, California had discovered that every US president except Martin Van Buren is descended from King John of England. By parity of sources, critiques of that material can likewise be gleaned from reliable websites and books that are not peer reviewed. Stanley Meyer's water fuel cell) may be treated as pseudoscience. Carlson's show gave many Fox News viewers what they wanted, she said, including false claims about the 2020 election, COVID vaccines and the Jan. 6 Capitol insurrection, as well as smears against. It's Packed With Sexy Energy, of Course", "Arrowheads Found in Texas Dial Back Arrival of Humans in America", "The quest for immortality: Want to live 500 years? Since the Shadow Robot Company sounds like a front for an evil organization hell bent on taking over the world, we assume the hand might also be used to strangle any adversaries of the companys managing director, Rich Walker. However, the WP:BLP policy does not provide an excuse to remove all criticism from a biography or to obscure the nature of a person's fringe advocacy outside of their field of expertise (see WP:PROFRINGE, WP:PSCI, WP:BLP#Balance). After His death, He escaped the tomb on His own or with the help of His disciples. Fringe theories that oppose reliably sourced researchdenialist histories, for exampleshould be described clearly within their own articles, but should not be given undue weight in more general discussions of the topic. One of the first people to propose the theory was David P. Strachan in an article published in the British Medical Journal in 1989. It is also best to avoid hiding all disputations in an end criticism section, but instead work for integrated, easy to read, and accurate article prose. The spearhead of this transition? However, ideas should not be excluded from the encyclopedia simply because they are widely held to be wrong. During the event, people were forced to fight to the death in a manner similar to the gladiator fights of ancient Rome. Bio weaponization is nothing new. For more criteria, see Trefil, James S. (1978). Proponents of fringe theories have used Wikipedia as a forum for promoting their ideas. Evolution, the Big Bang Theory and Continental Drift were at one time considered fringe science. Fringe science theories are often advanced by persons who have no traditional academic science background, or by researchers outside the mainstream discipline. However, meeting this standard indicates only that the idea may be discussed in other articles, not that it must be discussed in a specific article. It usually involves arguing that Louis Pasteur's model of infectious disease was wrong, and that Antoine Bchamp's was right. Fringe science may be either a questionable application of a scientific approach to a field of study or an approach whose status as scientific is widely questioned.. For mainstream scientists, attributes of . Reliable sources on Wikipedia may include peer-reviewed journals; books published by university presses; university-level textbooks; magazines, journals, and books published by respected publishing houses; and mainstream newspapers. This is the principle of one-way linking for fringe theories. In 1992, a group of scholars conducted a reenactment of the infamous trial, in order to test this theory. It has since been dismissed because of lack of evidence. Efforts of fringe-theory inventors to promote their theories, such as the offering of self-published material as references, are unacceptable: Wikipedia is not an advertising venue. Fringe science is an inquiry in an established field of study which departs significantly from mainstream theories in that field and is considered to be questionable by the mainstream.. Official history teaches us that during World War II, Nazi Germany acted as the aggressor against its erstwhile ally, the Soviet Union. Some theories that were once rejected as fringe science, but were eventually accepted as mainstream science, are: Plate tectonics [22] [23] The existence of Troy [24] [25] Heliocentrism [26] Norse colonization of the Americas The Big Bang theory [27] Helicobacter pylori bacteria as the causative agent of peptic ulcer disease [28] Jointly these say that articles should not contain any novel analysis or synthesis, that material likely to be challenged needs a reliable source, and that all majority and significant-minority views published in reliable sources should be represented fairly and proportionately. For a fringe view to be discussed in an article about a mainstream idea, independent reliable sources must discuss the relationship of the two as a serious and substantial matter. In 2011, Lazcano helped organize the second massacre of San Fernando, in which Los Zetas killed 193 people. Many fringe ideas aren't inherently dangerous, but in some cases, they spark valid concern from scientists, such as the claim that COVID-19 vaccines can alter your DNA. The no original research policy strongly encourages the collection and organization of information from existing secondary sources, and allows for careful use of primary sources. In their 2003 paper "Optimising Public Understanding of Science and Technology in Europe: A Comparative Perspective", Jan Nolin et al. ", Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science, The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fringe_science&oldid=1148162414, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from June 2010, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from June 2022, Articles with AV media file bare URLs for citations, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 4 April 2023, at 13:05. Fringe theories include the models and proposals of fringe science as well as similar ideas in other areas of scholarship, such as the humanities.The term is commonly used in a narrower sense as a pejorative roughly synonymous with pseudo-scholarship.Precise definitions that distinguish between widely held viewpoints . Of course, for any viewpoint described in an article, only reliable sources should be used; Wikipedia's verifiability and biographies of living persons policies are not suspended simply because the topic is a fringe theory. The aquatic ape theory states that our ancestors lived a semi-aquatic existence, inhabiting the edges of large bodies of water. Sefer Toledot Yeshu (The Book of the History of Jesus) is a medieval Christian gospel which presents the life of Jesus in a fairly different light. "[6] This characterization is perhaps inspired by the eccentric behavior of many researchers of the kind known colloquially (and with considerable historical precedent) as mad scientists. Care should be taken with journals that exist mainly to promote a particular viewpoint. The study's findings will open a wide range of researchable topics and will usher in new trends in computer science. He has been a guest speaker on numerous national radio and television stations and is a five time published author. Close attention should be paid to the treatment of those who hold fringe viewpoints, since as a rule they are the focus of controversy. Second, His disciples took away His body quickly, and prepared His burial in secret. In August 2012, it was reported that Miguel Trevio Morales had replaced Lazcano as the leader of Los Zetas. It can include work done to the appropriate level of scholarship in a field of study but only supported by a minority of practitioners, to more dubious work. (See also Links normally to be avoided, Conflict of interest, Autobiography guidelines.) We still use all sorts of drugs to try and utilize all the nooks and crannies of the brain. The lines between science-fiction and reality blur as J.J. Abrams, Roberto Orci, and Alex Kurtzman--the team behind STAR TREK and ALIAS--regroup to craft this mind-bending series that begins as an international flight . Instead, lets discuss the controversial view that this notorious French serial killer was himself the unfortunate victim of a vast conspiracy to steal his wealth. Statements about the truth of a theory must be based upon independent reliable sources. Fringe views are properly excluded from articles on mainstream subjects to the extent that they are rarely if ever included by reliable sources on those subjects.
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